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Genetics is revolutionizing the world of
medicine by offering new ways to dramatically improve diagnosis
and care. It reveals information of an individual's makeup
that is unprecedented in human history.
This same power stirs up unprecedented human issues.
Inheritance patterns within a family are complex. The revelations
from genetic tests generate many intensely personal questions,
misconceptions and fears. These issues need to be dealt with,
but they are outside the role and skills of most physicians.
The profession of genetic counselors has risen up
to meet that need.
Who Are Genetic Counselors?
Genetic counselors are trained health professionals with
graduate degrees and experience in both medical genetics and
counseling. Most enter the field from a variety of disciplines,
including biology, genetics, nursing, psychology, public health
and social work. They advise individuals, but since genetics
involves inherited traits, they often advise whole families
as well.
Genetic counselors are not physicians. They work along side
doctors, providing information, advice, and support to patients
and families.
For example, they advise families about birth defects or
genetic disorders, or families who may be at risk for any
number of inherited diseases, such as Huntington's Disease.
They can analyze inheritance patterns within the family, assess
risks of recurrence, and help determine which family members
may need testing. Then they help interpret test results and
explain available options.
Genetic counselors are a bridge between the medical facts
and the emotional needs of the family. They provide supportive
counseling, serve as patient advocates, and refer individuals
and families to appropriate support services. They are educators
and resource people to other healthcare professionals and
the general public.
Doctors and Genetic Counselors
Doctors work with genetic counselors as partners in the total
care of patients. It's similar to the way doctors collaborate
with social workers, case managers, physical therapists, and
nurses. Some genetic tests--such as those for breast cancer--require
genetic counseling to help interpret. Other times a referral
to a genetic counselor is optional, but highly recommended.
Where to find genetic counselors? The National
Association of Genetic Counselors is a good place to start.
More links are on the Resources Page.
Genetic counseling is a relatively new field. As genetic
medicine develops and evolves, genetic counselors will fulfill
an essential role within the healthcare profession.
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